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Understand the
definitions and usage of common scientific terms in proteomics by
browsing this Glossary from the Proteome Society®.
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| C | D
| E | F
| G | H
| I | J | K | L
| M | N
| O | P
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R | S
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W | X | Y | Z
H
Heuristic
A method employing experimentation, evaluation, and trial-and-error
methods to learn, discover, understand, or solve problems.
Hidden
Markov Model (HMM)
A type of formal probablistic model that is well suited to providing
a mathematical framework for profile analysis.
Homologous
As applied to proteins, a sequence/structure whose resemblance to
a previously characterized sequence is strong enough to suggest
a common genetic ancestry. In molecular biology, often "homologous"
is used loosely to mean similar, regardless of genetic relationship.
Homology
modeling
The use of 3-dimensional (3-D) geometry and sequence information
from proteins of known 3-D structure to develop models for proteins
whose 3-D structure is unknown. In the first step of homology modeling,
search and alignment algorithms are used to find the best sequence
overlap of the 'unknown' protein with the sequences of related proteins,
which have 3-D data. In the second step, the geometry of the 3-D
structures is used as a template for generating a 3-D structural
model for the regions of high sequence homology in the unknown protein
(the conserved regions). Finally, the sections with low homology
to known proteins (the variable regions) are modeled using a variety
of computational techniques.
Housekeeping
proteins
Proteins which are expressed at a consistently high level constant
(>10,000 copies/cell)
HPLC
High-performance liquid chromatography; a technique for separating
proteins and other molecules
HTS
High throughput screening
TOP
I
ICAT
Isotope coded affinity tags; proteomic technique based on the use
of isoptopic reagents for labeling two different populations of proteins
Immunoprecipitation
Targeted protein precipitation using antibodies
In
silico
Describes a process that is simulated on a computer.
Informatics
The study of the application of computer and statistical techniques
to the management of information. In genome projects, informatics
includes the development of methods to search databases quickly;
to analyze sequence, expression, and other information; to predict
protein sequence and structure from DNA sequence data; and for many
other processes.
In-gel digestion
Protease digestion of proteins in polyacrylamide gels
Interoperability
The ability of different types of computers, networks, operating
systems, and applications to work together effectively, without
prior communication, in order to exchange information in a useful
and meaningful manner.
TOP
Intron
Region of an RNA transcript that is spliced away before protein
is translated
Iodoacetamide
Alkylating agent for free sulphydryl groups
Ion
Trap
Ion species are confined using dual parabolic trapping potentials
to resolve ions by mass prior to detection
Ion-exchange
A chromatographic technique in which analytes are bound to a charged
column and differentially eluted off by increasing ionic strength
of eluting media
IPG strips
Plastic-backed isoelectric focusing strips with an immobilized pH
gradient
ISO DALT
A term referring to 2D gel electrohoresis (Gork et al)
Isoelectric
point
pH at which an amphoteric molecule has a net charge equal to zero
Isolectric
focusing
Electrophoretic focusing of proteins in a pH gradient
Iterative
search
A search procedure that is repeated, usually with increasing sensitivity
in each round.
TOP
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